Glycaemic Index
You may find it beneficial to include a low GI carbohydrate in each meal. Low GI foods should keep your blood sugar levels more stable throughout the day.
Basically the glycaemic index (GI) of a food is the blood glucose response to the ingestion of that food. To maintain more stable blood glucose levels try to consume more foods with a lower GI. Maintaining blood glucose throughout the day reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include headaches, nausea, lack of concentration.
Several other nutritional factors affect the glycaemic index of foods. For example, the addition of fat, protein and fibre decreases the GI. The following is a list of some foods and their GI. For a comprehensive list, there are pocket guides available at bookshops on the GI of a variety of foods.
It is important to remember that when talking about the glycaemic index of a food that we also consider the carbohydrate content of the food. Foods with a low carbohydrate content may not produce a large effect on your blood sugar levels. For this reason, most vegetables are considered to produce a low glycaemic load and therefore are fine to eat at any time.
Examples of the Glycaemic Index of different foods: Low GI foods are best for blood glucose control, sustained release of energy and increasing satiety.
| Food |
Low GI |
Intermediate GI |
High GI |
| |
<55 |
55-70 |
>70 |
| Breakfast Cereals |
All-bran |
Mini Wheats |
Cocopops |
| |
Porridge |
Untoasted muesli |
Cornflakes |
| |
Toasted Muesli |
Nutrigrain |
Puffed wheat |
| |
Special K |
Sustain |
Rice bubbles |
| |
Sultana Bran |
Vita Brits |
Weet-bix |
| |
|
|
|
| Grains and Pastas |
Buckwheat |
Basmati rice |
Calrose rice |
| |
Bulgar |
|
Brown rice |
| |
Instant noodles |
|
Sunbrown rice |
| |
Egg fettuccine |
|
White rice |
| |
Ravioli (meat) |
|
|
| |
Spaghetti |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| Bread and Crackers |
Fruit loaf |
Vogel's Bread |
Wholemeal bread |
| |
Kibbled barely bread |
Croissant |
Bagel |
| |
Mixed grain bread |
Ryvita |
White bread |
| |
Oat bran bread |
Rye bread |
|
| |
|
|
|
| Vegetables |
Most vegetables have a low glycaemic load |
Beetroot |
Baked potato |
| |
|
Sweet corn |
Pumpkin |
| |
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|
| |
|
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| Legumes |
Baked beans |
Couscous |
Broad beans |
| |
Butter beans |
|
|
| |
Chickpeas |
|
|
| |
Haricot beans |
|
|
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Kidney beans |
|
|
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Lentils |
|
|
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Soya beans |
|
|
| |
|
|
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| Fruit |
Apple |
Mango |
Watermelon |
| |
Apricot |
Pawpaw |
|
| |
Banana |
Pineapple |
|
| |
Cherries |
Raisins |
|
| |
Grapefruit |
Rockmelon |
|
| |
Grapes |
Sultanas |
|
| |
Kiwifruit |
|
|
| |
Orange |
|
|
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Peaches |
|
|
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Plums |
|
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| |
|
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| Dairy Foods |
Whole milk |
Ice-cream |
|
| |
Skim milk |
|
|
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Chocolate flavouredmilk |
|
|
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Low fat ice-cream |
|
|
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Yoghurt |
|
|
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|
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| Sugars |
Honey |
Honey |
Glucose |
| |
Fructose |
Sucrose |
Maltose |
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Lactose |
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| |
|
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| Other Foods |
Soup |
Arrowroot biscuits |
Corn chips |
| |
Sponge cake |
Potato chips |
Cereal bar |
| |
Banana cake |
Chocolate |
|
| |
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Orange juice |
|
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Therefore, some carbohydrate suggestions for your evening meal are:
- Basmati or Doongara rice
- Pasta (cooked al dente i.e. just cooked)
- Noodles
- Sweet potato
- Legumes (e.g. kidney beans, lentils)
- Bread which is grainy and dense
- Wholemeal pita bread
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