Energy Expenditure
Daily Energy Expenditure
A person's Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) is the total sum of all the biological chemical reactions within the body, including muscle and tissue building and repair, and muscle and fat catabolism.
Three factors which influence energy expenditure:
1: Resting metabolic rate - The rate of metabolic processes of normal body functions during rest, sleep and arousal. Depending on daily physical activity, resting metabolism accounts for 60 - 70% of TDEE.
2: Thermogenic Effect of Food (TEF) Consumed - The effect of food ingestion on energy metabolism. Although individuals exhibit considerable variability in TEF (dietary induced thermogenesis), it consists of two components. Firstly, obligatory thermogenesis, results from the energy-requiring processes of digesting, absorbing, and assimilating food nutrients. Secondly, facultative thermogenesis, results from sympathetic nervous system activation and its stimulating effect on metabolism from food ingestion.
3: Energy Expended During Physical Activity and Recovery - This profoundly affects the variability among individuals in daily energy expenditure. World-class athletes nearly double daily caloric output with 3 to 4 hours of arduous training. Most people can sustain metabolic rates 10 times the resting level during "big muscle" activities like fast walking, running, cycling, and swimming. Normally, physical activity accounts for 15 - 30% of a person's daily expenditure.
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